Decision, Reward, and the Basal Ganglia

21/09/2018 09:46:04 Author:

PETER AND PATRICIA GRUBER LECTURE: Decision, Reward, and the Basal Ganglia

Support contributed by: The Gruber Foundation
Date & Time: Sunday, November 4, 2018 2:30pm - 3:40pm
Location: SDCC Ballroom 20

Speakers:
Ann M. Graybiel, PhD 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Okihide Hikosaka, MD, PhD 
National Eye Institute, NIH 

Wolfram Schultz, MD 
University of Cambridge 

The Striatum and Decision-Making Based on Value
Ann M. Graybiel, PhD
McGovern Institute for Brain Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The striatum was once thought to be a primitive part of the forebrain, despite evidence that basal ganglia dysfunction underlies major extrapyramidal disorders. Our work has contributed to the surprising realizations that the striatum actually has a sophisticated compartmental structure, that striatal circuits are implicated in decision-making and in neuropsychiatric as well as motor disorders, and that special modules in the striatum, called striosomes, are focal points in circuits linking mood-related neocortex with midbrain dopamine-containing neurons and other neuromodulatory regions. The striatum thus modulates a broad range of circuits affecting our behavioral state in health and disease.

Parallel Basal Ganglia Circuits for Cooperative and Competitive Decision-Making
Okihide Hikosaka, MD, PhD
National Eye Institute, NIH
The basal ganglia control active behavior by disinhibiting a goal-directed action while inhibiting irrelevant actions. This is based on short-term and long-term memories, which are selectively processed in parallel circuits in the basal ganglia including dopamine neurons. These parallel circuits, together or separately, are essential for engendering motivation, attention, and skill.

About Reward
Wolfram Schultz, MD
University of Cambridge
The talk will describe the properties of neurons in the brain's reward systems and how their action contributes to economic decision-making. Each of several reward systems, including those involving the dopamine neurons, striatum, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex, plays a unique role in this process. The details of this function are currently being investigated using designs based on behavioral theories, such as animal learning theory, machine learning, and economic utility theory.

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Autor:

Jackson Cionek

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